Transparentizing compositions and process



Patented Nov. 4, 1952 ,TRANSPARENTIZING COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS Robert R. Parmentier, Upper Darby, Pa.

No Drawing. Application April 12, 1950,

Serial N9. 155,565

9 Claims. (Cl. 106-285) 1 This invention relates to compositions an processes for transparentizing fibrous materials such as paper. 7

It is often desired to reproduce copies of drawings, printed pages, or other similar ma- .terials. This may be accomplished by photographing the drawing and preparing prints from' the so-obtained negative. A further method is to prepare prints directly from such page or drawing. In this latter method, the paper-in general use is too opaque to permit the preparation of satisfactory prints, and in, the photographic process the cost of the reproduction makes the process prohibitive in many instances. In order to overcome these and other difficulties, it has heretofore been suggested to employ various compositions in order to transparentize the paper from which reproductions are desired, and

' thus render the attainment of prints directly therefrom feasible. j Compositions heretofore proposed, however, have serious disadvantages which greatly restrict or prevent their use. For example, compositions heretofore proposed suffer one or more of the following difficulties: the compositions may be dangerous to compound and use, are difiicult to prepare and apply to the paper,"drying thereof is slow, the material used in transparentizing, usually an oil, is transferred to prints and other papers which it contacts thus restricting its use and making storage of the treated paper difficult, odor is imparted to the treated paper which makes its use obnoxious and which permeates other papers and materials such as when stored together, tacking, i. e., sticking of the treated paper to hot surfaces of reproducing machines, which prevents or greatly limits their use in most processes, and lack of good transparentizing thus preventing the attainment of suitable reproductions.

An object of the'present inventionis to provide compositions effective to transparentize paper and obviate the above-mentioned difficulties. A further object is to provide a process invention comprises mineral oil, 10-35 vol.

tain the printed matter or drawing the 'reproduction of which is desired. Application-is conveniently accomplished by rubbing the paper with a cloth or sponge saturated with the transparentizing solution. Other means of application may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, and dipping, The composition of the present invention drys' in a very short time, withinabout 2-5 minutes, and the so-tre'ated paper may then be used in preparing photographic reproductions. It is preferred, however, to further treat the paper with a novel composition comprising wax, 2-6 vol. a gasoline hydrocarbon fraction, 31-47 vol. and carbon tetrachloride, 47-67 vol. Using the stated ranges of gasolineand carbon tetrachloride, a saturated solution of the wax, at about room temperature, may advan-' tageously be employed. It has been found that this composition effectively seals thepaper "so that no seepage is apparent even after long storage, and also provides other advantages as hereinafter described. The sealing composition may be applied in the same manner-as described for the transparentizing compositiona In' transparentizing paper in accordance with the present invention, the transparentizings'olution may be applied to the paper and after drying the sealing solution applied.- It is preferred to apply the sealing composition before the transparentizing solution is completely dry; It has been found that operating inthis-manner the total time of application of the" solutions is considerably decreased, the sealing solution is more readily applied, and total drying time is decreased.

In the above-described transparentizing com position, it is possible to substitute xylene, usually as a mixture of the various xylenes, or benzene, in whole or in part, for the'tolue'ne.

The oil employed is preferably a refined white;

mineral oilboiling in the lubricating oil range. The wax employed in the sealing solution is preferably a paraffin wax of petroleum origin having a melting point of from about F. to 200 F., although microcrystalline wax of the same melting point range may be employed. Also, in place of the gasoline petroleum fraction there may be substituted one or more aliphatic toluene, 4-10 vol. and carbon tetrachloride, 1

hydrocarbons boiling within this range, such as normal and branched chain hexanes, heptanes, and octanes. Preferably there is employed a straight rundearomatized gasoline fraction boiling within the range of from about F. to 100 F.

It is important that the stated concentration ranges for the ingredients of both compositions be observed. With respect to the transparentizing composition, if mineral oil be employed in less than the stated amount, the paper is not sufliciently transparentized to permit satisfactory reproduction, whereas if more than the stated quantity is employed, the paper will be slow drying and seepage occurs; if less than the stated amount of toluene is employed seepage is observed, whereas if more than the stated quantity is employed the composition may be inflammable and has an ofiensive odor; if carbon tetrachloride is employed in less than the stated quantity, penetration of the paper by the transparentizing composition is decreased thereby making the application of the composition difficult, and the composition may be inflammable, whereas employing more than the stated quantity results in too fast drying which makes its application to paper difficult and uneven. With respect to the sealing composition, if less than the stated quantity of wax is employed, eiiective sealing will not be obtained so that seepage is observed, whereas if more than the stated quantity is employed, tacking during the reproduction operation is observed; if less than the stated quantity of gasoline is employed the wax will not be sufiiciently soluble in the composition to achieve the desired results, whereas more than the stated quantity may render the composition inflammable; the same disadvantages of employing a quantity of carbon tetrachloride outside of the stated range is observed with the sealing composition as with the transparentizing composition.

Various papers may be treated in accordance with the present process, and the so-treated papers used in various reproduction processes. Papers which may be treated for example in clude the usual bond paper of say about 13 to 24 lb. weight per 1000 sheets, photographic, tracing, chart, and blue print papers, and in general any paper except very heavy fibrous materials such as cardboard. The treated papers may be employed for making reproductions in a variety of processes involving the transmission of light through the treated paper. such processes may be mentioned direct printing such as contact box printing, the use of Ozalid, Bruning, blue print machines, and actinic light contact printing. The treated papers may also be used in projection printing. v The following examples illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and the superiority of the present compositions and processes over those heretofore known:

Example 1 -In order" to demonstrate superiority of the present compositions over those heretofore described, and of the necessity of using the described ingredients in the present compositions, a series of solutions was prepared and tested. The compositions prepared were as follows (parts given as parts by volume):

Composition 1 Castor oil 1 Turpentine 1 l Composition 2 Cocoanut oil 1 Light paraffin oil 1 Benzine 1 con 1 Composition 3 Light parafiin oil 1 Benzine 1 C014 1 Composition 4 Light mineral oil 6 5 Benzine 1 C014 13 Composition 5 Light refined white mineral oil 6 Toluene 1 CCL; 13

Composition 6 Straight run gasoline fraction 8 Wax l CCh 12 It will be noted that compositions 5 and 6 are the present transparentizer and sealing compositions, respectively. In composition 6, the gasoline fraction employed was a straight run fraction boiling between about 190 F. and 380 F., and the wax employed was a parafiin wax having a melting point of 150 F. (A. S. T. M. D-87-42 method) Data obtained are presented in the following table, which gives the following data:

1 i As l'lustmtlve 0 (l) appl1cat1on, wh1ch is the ease of application of the composition to the paper-a measure of the rubbing and timerequired to apply the composition; (2) drying, which is the time required for the treated paper to dry; (3) odor, which is the odor of the treated paper after standing 6 days; (4) seepage, which is the tendency of the oil to rise to the surface of the paper, observed by transfer of oil from the treated paper to a contacting paper on standing 24 hours; and (5) transparency of the product, i. e., whether suf ficient light will be transmitted through thepaper so to obtain good contact photoprints.

omposition Application Drying 1 Odor seepage ggg d'fii 1a.. 1 fiitutfiifl ;1%t ..?."i --f?ff%::: 5722323553: iii-39' moderate moderate do do poor.

d d fair good fair. good.

Drying times were as follow: very slow: minutes; moderate: 5-20 minutes; fast:2-5 minutes.

Paper treated with composition 5 treatment with composition 6.

slow=20-60 minutes;

followed in 10 minutes (after drying) by 3 Paper treated with composition 5 followed immediate] befo Y ment with composition 6. y re dlymb) b3 treat obtained..

As noted above, composition 5 is the transparentizer and composition 6 the sealer of the present invention. It is apparent that composition 6 acts to transparentize paper, but gives only a fair product. The last two lines of the table represent preferred processes of the present invention, and show the excellent results achieved.

Example 2 In order to illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present process, it was desired to reproduce copies of an engineering drawing of size by 41 inches, the size of the desired copies being 11 by 15 /2. The original drawing was photographed and a print of the desired size made on an opaque photographic paper from the negative. This print was transparentized and sealed using the compositions of the present invention as described, applying the sealing composition after drying of the transparentizing composition. The transparentized photo-print was then employed in an Ozalid machine to produce the desired number of prints, excellent results being achieved.

Example 3 It was desired to produce copies of a type-written report. The papers were transparentized and sealed in accordance with the present process and copies made directly therefrom on an Ozalid machine.

Untreated paper was tested against the transparentized paper and it was found that the speed of the machine using transparentized paper was increased from 2 to 4 times, and that the prints were sharper and contained greater contrast than those obtained with the untreated paper.

Example 4 Composition 5 of Example 1 was duplicated except that benzene was substituted for toluene. A blue-print of an engineering drawing was transparentized therewith and sealed with composition 6 as described for Example 1. Substantially identical results were obtained as with toluene.

Example 5 Example 4 was repeated using a mixture of xylenes in place of toluene. Results substantially identical to those obtained in Example 4 were Example 6 Six commercial transparentizers were pur chased and results obtained therewith compared to those obtained with the compositions of the present invention. Each of the commercial compositions were slow drying, imparted a permanent odor to the paper, and exhibited serious seepage. The transparentizing ingredient of these compositions were vegetable oils, such as linseed or cocoanut oil.

The invention claimed is;

l. A transparentizing solution consisting of from 10 to vol. mineral oil, from 55 to 80 6 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4 to 10 vol. of a material selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene.

2. Process for transparentizing paper which comprises applying a solution consisting of 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 4 to 10 vol. toluene, and from 55 to vol. carbon tetrachloride to paper.

3. A transparentizing solution consisting of from 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 5 5 to 80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4 to 10 vol. benzene.

4. A transparentizing solution consisting of from 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 55 to 80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4 to 10 vol. toluene.

5. A transparentizing solution consisting of from 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 55 to 80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and. from 4 to 10 vol. xylene.

6. Process for transparentizing paper which comprises applying to paper a solution consisting of from 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 55 to 80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4 to 10 vol. of a material selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene.

7. Process for transparentizing paper which comprises applying to paper a solution consisting of from 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 55' to 80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4 to 10 vol. benzene.

8. Process for transparentizing paper which comprises applying to paper a solution consisting of from 10 to 35 vol. mineral oil, from 55 to 80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4 to 10 vol. xylene.

9. A new composition of matter consisting of from 10-35 vol. mineral oil boiling in the lubricating oil range, from 55-80 vol. carbon tetrachloride, and from 4-10 vol. of a material selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene.

ROBERT R. PARMENTIER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,490,268 Grofi Apr. 15, 1924 1,632,555 Messinger June 14, 192.7 1,796,857 Barnard Mar. 17, 1931 1,808,360 Lindsay June 2, 1931 1,839,868 Damarin et al. Jan. 5, 1932 2,323,387 Edelstein July 6, 1943 2,380,219 Clinton July 10, 1945 2,517,201 Gruter Aug. 1, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES Chemical Formulary, Bennett, pg. 353, vol. 4 (1939).

Chemical Formulary, Bennett, pg. 385, vol. 5 (1941). 

1. A TRANSPARENTIZING SOLUTION CONSISTING OF FROM 10 TO 35 VOL. % MINERAL OIL, FROM 55 TO 80 VOL. % CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, AND FROM 4 TO 10 VOL. % OF A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENZENE, TOLUENE, AND XYLENE. 